Of course. Here is a comprehensive guide to infant first aid in English, covering the most common and critical emergencies. This information is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical training. Always seek professional medical help after providing first aid.

Essential Infant First Aid: A Quick Reference Guide

This guide provides critical first aid steps for infants (under 1 year old) in emergency situations. The key principles are Stay Calm, Call for Help, and Act.

Choking (严重窒息)

Signs:

• Inability to cry, cough, or make sounds.
• High-pitched, weak, or no cough.
• Difficulty breathing, noisy breathing, or no breathing.
• Blue or dusky color around the lips and face.

Action Steps:

IMPORTANT: Do not perform the Heimlich maneuver on an infant. Use back blows and chest thrusts.

Step 1: Call for Help

• If the infant is fully conscious (choking but can cry or cough), stay with them and have someone else call emergency services (e.g., 911 in the US/Canada, 112 in the EU, 999 in the UK) immediately.
• If the infant is unresponsive or the choking is severe, call emergency services yourself if you are alone.

Step 2: Give Back Blows

1. Hold the infant face down along your forearm. Support their head and jaw with your hand, ensuring their head is lower than their body.
2. Rest your forearm on your thigh for support.
3. Deliver 5 firm back blows between the infant's shoulder blades with the heel of your other hand.

Step 3: Give Chest Thrusts

1. If the object is still not dislodged, turn the infant face-up on your forearm, still supporting their head.
2. Place two fingers (index and middle finger) in the center of the infant's chest, just below the nipple line.
3. Give 5 quick chest thrusts, compressing the chest about 1.5 inches (4 cm).

Step 4: Repeat

• Continue cycles of 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts until the object is expelled, the infant starts to cough forcefully, or the infant becomes unresponsive.

If the Infant Becomes Unresponsive:

1. Carefully lay the infant on a firm, flat surface.
2. Begin CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) immediately. Start with chest compressions.
3. After 30 compressions, give 2 gentle "rescue breaths." (See CPR section below).
4. Continue CPR cycles until help arrives or the infant shows signs of life.

CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) - Cardiac Arrest

When to Use CPR:

• The infant is unresponsive.
• The infant is not breathing or is only gasping (agonal breaths).

Action Steps:

Step 1: Check for Response and Breathing

• Tap the infant's foot and shout, "Are you okay?"
• Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If there is no response and no normal breathing, start CPR.

Step 2: Call for Help

• If you are alone, call emergency services immediately before starting CPR.
• If someone else is with you, send them to call for help and find an AED (if available).

Step 3: Begin Chest Compressions

1. Place the infant on their back on a firm, flat surface.
2. Place two fingers (index and middle finger) on the center of the chest, just below the nipple line.
3. Compress the chest at least 1.5 inches (4 cm) deep.
4. Push hard and fast at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute (to the beat of "Stayin' Alive" by the Bee Gees).
5. Allow the chest to recoil completely between compressions.

Step 4: Give Rescue Breaths

1. After 30 compressions, gently tilt the infant's head back slightly to open the airway.
2. Cover the infant's nose and mouth with your mouth to create a seal.
3. Give 2 gentle puffs of air, each lasting about 1 second. Watch for the chest to rise.
4. If the chest doesn't rise, reposition the head and try again. Do not force air.

Step 5: Repeat

• Continue the cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths.
• If an AED is available, use it as soon as possible. AEDs have pediatric settings (often a key or pad to switch modes for infants/children).

Fever (高烧)

Action Steps:

Step 1: Take the Temperature

• Use a digital thermometer. The most accurate method for an infant under 3 months is a rectal temperature. For older infants, an axillary (armpit) or temporal (forehead) thermometer can be used.

Step 2: When to See a Doctor (Seek Medical Attention IMMEDIATELY if):

• Infant is under 3 months old and has a rectal temperature of 4°F (38°C) or higher.
• Infant is 3 to 6 months old and has a temperature of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher, or seems very irritable or lethargic.
• Infant is any age and has a fever over 104°F (40°C).
• The infant has other symptoms like a rash, stiff neck, persistent vomiting, or is not responding.
• You are ever in doubt.

Step 3: How to Comfort a Feverish Infant

• Dress the infant in lightweight clothing. Do not over-bundle them.
• Give plenty of fluids (breast milk or formula) to prevent dehydration.
• Sponge bath with lukewarm water can be used to help cool the skin, but stop if the infant starts to shiver. Do not use cold or ice water.
• Consult a doctor before giving any medication like Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil - only for infants over 6 months). Use only the correct dose for the infant's weight.

Seizures (癫痫发作/惊厥)

Signs:

• Uncontrolled shaking or jerking of the limbs.
• Staring into space with a blank look.
• Stiffening of the body.
• Loss of consciousness.

Action Steps:

Step 1: Ensure Safety

• Do not restrain the infant.
• Do not put anything in the infant's mouth (including your fingers).
• Gently roll the infant onto their side to prevent choking on saliva or vomit.
• Clear the area of any hard or sharp objects.
• Note the start time and duration of the seizure.

Step 2: Call for Help

• Call emergency services immediately if the seizure:
  • Lasts longer than 5 minutes.
  • Is the infant's first seizure.
  • Is followed by another seizure immediately after.
  • The infant has difficulty breathing, is injured, or has a known condition like diabetes or a heart problem.

Step 3: After the Seizure

• Once the seizure stops, the infant may be drowsy or confused. Keep them on their side in a safe position until they are fully alert.
• Stay with them and comfort them.

Burns (烫伤)

Action Steps:

Step 1: Cool the Burn

• Immediately hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water for at least 10-20 minutes.
• This helps stop the burning process, reduces pain, and minimizes swelling.

Step 2: Remove Clothing

• Gently remove any clothing or jewelry from the burned area unless it is stuck to the skin. If it's stuck, leave it.

Step 3: Cover the Burn

• After cooling, cover the burn with a sterile, non-stick bandage or a clean, dry cloth. Do not use fluffy cotton that can leave fibers in the wound.

Step 4: When to See a Doctor (Seek Medical Attention if):

• The burn is larger than the infant's palm.
• The burn is on the face, hands, feet, genitals, or buttocks.
• The burn is deep (looks white, brown, or charred).
• The burn is caused by chemicals or electricity.
• The infant shows signs of shock (pale/clammy skin, rapid breathing, fainting).

What NOT to Do:

• Do not apply ice, butter, ointments, or toothpaste to the burn.
• Do not break any blisters.

Falls and Head Injuries (跌落和头部受伤)

Action Steps:

Step 1: Assess the Infant

• Stay calm and comfort the infant.
• Check for any visible injuries, such as cuts, bruises, or swelling on the head.

Step 2: Observe for Signs of a Serious Head Injury

• Loss of consciousness (even for a few seconds).
• Persistent vomiting or nausea.
• Seizure.
• Unequal pupil size.
• Fluid or blood draining from the nose or ears.
• Abnormal drowsiness or difficulty being awakened.
• Irritability or constant crying that cannot be soothed.
• Weakness or clumsiness in limbs.
• Difficulty walking or standing (if the infant is old enough).

Step 3: When to See a Doctor (Seek Medical Attention IMMEDIATELY if any of the above signs are present)

• Even if there are no serious signs, it is wise to call your pediatrician after any significant head fall to get advice.

Emergency Contact Numbers

Before an emergency happens, post these numbers where they are easy to see and remember.

• Emergency Services (Police, Fire, Ambulance):
  • USA/Canada: 911
  • EU/UK: 112
  • Australia: 000
• Poison Control Center (USA): 1-800-222-1222
• Your Pediatrician's Office: [Phone Number]

Final, Critical Advice

• Take a First Aid and CPR Course: The best way to be prepared is to get hands-on training from a certified organization like the American Red Cross or the American Heart Association.
• Stay Calm: Your calmness is essential for helping your infant effectively.
• Trust Your Instincts: If you are ever worried about your infant's health, it is always best to seek professional medical advice.